Steam turbine working principle and types of steam turbine. Turbine flow meters troubleshooting instrumentationtools. Both use a fluid of gous nature at high temperature at high pressure to generate power. As a result, the steam turbine has supplanted the reciprocating engine as a prime mover in large electricitygenerating plants and is also used as a means of jet propulsion. Principle of energy conversion wind mills or turbines works on the principle of converting kinetic energy of the wind in to mechanical energy. Since then turbines based on these principles have evolved in parallel and in fact merged to some degree.
The gas turbine operates on an open cycle consisting of a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine combined in series figure 2. Working principal fresh air enters the compressor at ambient temperature where its pressure and temperature are increased. Turbine flow meter is a volumetric measuring turbine type. A gas turbine is a turbomachine and basically similar to steam turbine regarding its working principle the first turbine to produce useful work was probably a wind mill, where no compression and no combustion exist now a days gas turbine include a compression process and combustion process.
The gas turbine operates on the principle of the brayton cycle, where compressed air is mixed with fuel, and burned under constant pressure conditions. Combustion systems lpp should cooperate with the systems of. Working principle of kaplan turbine kaplan turbine consist of the following parts a spiral or scroll air tight casing b guide mechanism. Material product data sheet tungsten carbide 12 % cobalt. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine. Above 600 rpm rotor relative vibrations should be monitored. For example, a steam turbine extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating shaft. Jul 26, 2017 working principle of gas turbine power plant.
Gas turbine principle, working and applications youtube. Drop in steam pressure and increase in steam velocity the effect of this change produces an impulse force in the blade causing it to move. Steam turbine principles and practice by croft, terrell, 1880publication date 1923 topics steamturbines publisher. With comparatively low pressure drop for inline meters, turbine flow meters deliver unprecedented accuracy. The only difference is there that in steam turbine power plant we use compressed steam to rotate the turbine, but in gas turbine power plant we. The working principles and design of turbine flow meters are well documented. The principle is the same for air or water and the faster the medium is moving, the greater the pressure drop, and the faster the turbine spins. The real values of critical speeds should be measured at. Engines need to attain high levels of overall efficiency. Valentini gas turbine power plants 7 3 generalities about gasturbine power plants the purpose of gasturbine power plants is to produce mechanical power from the expansion of hot gas in a turbine. Should cause a turbine trip to prevent, or at least minimize, turbine generatordamage. The turbine is located between the highpressure water source and the lowpressure water exit, usually at.
Design and performance of a gasturbine engine from an. Sep 19, 2016 gas turbine working principle, open loop and closed loop gas turbine. The net power available out of a gas turbine is equal to total power developed by the turbine minus power required to drive the compressor i. In a gas turbine, a pressurized gas spins the turbine. Since motion of all its major components involve pure rotation i. Its a much more efficient method than water wheels that yields greater hydraulic head ie the amount of force the water can generate with smaller apparatus. Some of the principle advantages of the gas turbine are. Combustion of lean fuels with preliminary evaporation and mixing lpp lean, premixed, prevaporised a the principle is complete evaporation of fuel and mixing with air, because of. The flowing fluid engages the rotor causing it to rotate at an angular velocity proportional to the fluid flow rate.
The rotor is connected to the main shaft, which spins a generator to create electricity. The only difference is there that in steam turbine power plant we use compressed steam to rotate the turbine, but in gas turbine power plant we use compressed air to turn the turbine. Lecture 33 turbine definition, types of turbines, comparison of gas turbine with reciprocating ic engine and steam turbine, classification of gas turbine 34 lecture34 thermodynamic cycle or brayton cycle, problem solving 35 lecture 35 regenerative gas turbine cycle, reheat gas turbine cycle, problem solving. Gas turbine engines are, theoretically, extremely simple. In all modern gas turbine engines, the engine produces its own pressurized. Turbine flow meter working principle instrumentationtools.
The energy in the wind turns two or three propellerlike blades around a rotor. Outboard of the dry gas seal is a barrier seal, which separates the gas seal from the compressor shaft bearings fig. It is capable of producing large amounts of useful pow er for a relatively small size and weight. Reaction turbine 2 iii steam turbine operating range 2 3. A combustion area to burn the fuel and produce high pressure, high velocity gas. The angular velocity of the rotor results in the generation of an electrical signal ac sine wave type in the pickup.
Approval issue module 2347 the turbine governing system. The turbine is located between the high pressure water source and the low pressure water exit, usually at the base of a dam. Because of this the compressor and the generator also rotate with the turbine. Inboard of the dry gas seal is an inner labyrinth seal, which separates the process gas from the gas seal. This value represents the entire operating range of flow rates at which a turbine will maintain a specified performance accuracy. The gas turbine cycle the basic principle of the airplane turbine engine is identical to any and all engines that extract energy from chemical fuel. This highvelocity steam produces dynamic pressure on the blades in which blades and shaft both start to rotate in the same direction. The fundamental working principle of a gas turbine power plant is same as that of a steam turbine power plant. Mar 15, 2015 gas turbine engines derive their power from burning fuel in a combustion chamber and using the fast flowing combustion gases to drive a turbine in much the same way as the high pressure steam drives a steam turbine.
Gas turbine engines derive their power from burning fuel in a combustion chamber and using the fast flowing combustion gases to drive a turbine in much the same way as the high pressure steam drives a steam turbine. The francis turbine is a reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine, giving up its energy. Mar 04, 2020 the fundamental working principle of a gas turbine power plant is same as that of a steam turbine power plant. Turbine is an enginethat converts energy offluid into mechanicalenergythe steam turbine issteam driven rotaryengine. The aircraft engine book, rolls royce uk the basic gas turbine cycle is illustrated pv and ts diagrams in figure 5. The chapter starts by emphasising engine control in general through a brief survey of conventional control strategies. Gas turbine working principle, open loop and closed loop gas turbine. The rangeability or turndown of a turbine meter is simply denoted as qmax qmin for that model. A compressor to compress the incoming air to high pressure.
In these notes we will focus on stationary plants for. Due to the pressure drop across the moving blades, an unbalanced thrust will be developed upon the rotor and some arrangement must be made to balance this. The generator connected to the shaft takes the mechanical energy produced by the turbine and converts it to electrical energy through the use of electromagnetic induction. The generator rotates with the same speed as that of the turbine and. Steam turbine 1 content chapter description page i purpose 2 ii steam turbine types 2 2. In this chapter, an introduction to gas turbine engine operation and control is given. A steam turbine generator works by heating water to extremely high temperatures until it is converted into steam, then the steam energy is used to rotate the blades of a turbine to create mechanical or rotational energy. They convert the chemical potential energy of the fuel to mechanical energy.
Let us look at turbines first and there are two types of turbines a. A turbine flow meter is a liquidgas velocity measurement device the turbine flow meter contains a free spinning turbine rotor that turns at a speed that is proportional to the flow velocity. The part of the turbine output which is used to drive the compressor is called the back work. Steamturbine principles and practice by croft, terrell, 1880publication date 1923 topics steamturbines publisher.
The basic principle of working of the micro turbine is that the compressor as well as the electric generator is mounted on the same power shaft as that of the turbine. Steam turbines are ideal wherever steam is available. Introduction to gas turbine engine control springerlink. This rotational energy caused by the high pressured steam turbine is used to generate electricity from an attached generator. The gasturbine operates on the principle of the brayton cycle, where compressed air is mixed with fuel, and burned under constant pressure conditions. One the threshold is exceeded, automatic trip of turbine takes place.
Saravanamuttoo encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. Finally appendix a1 has been updated with diesel and gas. The high pressure air enters the combustion chamber where the fuel is burned at constant pressure. The action of the steam turbine is based on the thermodynamic principle that when a.
Kaplan turbine is employed, where a large quantity of water is available. A turbine flow meter is a liquid gas velocity measurement device the turbine flow meter contains a free spinning turbine rotor that turns at a speed that is proportional to the flow velocity. Working principle of steam turbine depends on the dynamic action of steam. The rangeability of a turbine meter improves at elevated pressure due to the increase in gas density and subsequent. A highvelocity steam is coming from the nozzles and it strikes the rotating blades which are fitted on a disc mounted on a shaft. Turbine future has been rewritten to identify recent trends in gas turbine progress and reemphasize the advances toward hydrogen fuels. A simple gas turbine is comprised of three main sections a compressor, a combustor, and a power turbine. Basically,in a steam turbine pressure energy of steam extracts and then it converted into kinetic energy by allowing the. Having worked within rollsroyce, and fortunately spent time within various departments stress, thermals.
Steam turbine how steam energy works turbinegenerator. The basic 4 steps for any internal combustion engine are. It consists of spiral casing, guide mechanism and draft tube of kaplan turbine runner are similar to those of francis turbine. The turbine drives the compressor and the generator. Introduction the first successful application of the gas turbine for electricity generation was the 4 mw plant installed by brown boveri in neuchatel, switzerland, in. Gas turbine working principals gas turbine engines derive their power from burning fuel in a combustion chamber and using the fast. The turbine is located between the highpressure water source and the lowpressure water exit, usually at the base of a. Outwardly turbines of both types appear identical and, in. For a more complete description of dry gas seal principles of operation, see shah 1988.
630 1061 1036 1292 930 113 1057 1060 1392 1047 468 887 143 546 927 819 969 980 249 1191 1211 1367 270 1526 1105 1325 1320 969 155 1255 1056 112 144 416 642 72 556 99 197 773 464 937 162 76 357 1051